Agricultural and transport equipment is ideally suited to use hydraulic oils. After engine oils, hydraulic fluids are the second most important group of lubricants. More than 85 % of these materials are currently mineral oil-based. In view of their high ecotoxicity and low biodegradability, mineral oil-based lubricants constitute a considerable threat to the environment. In contrast, most hydraulic fluids based on plant oils have a low environmental impact and are completely biodegradable. Moreover, lubricants based on plant oils display excellent tribological properties and generally have very high viscosity indices and flash points. For this reason, therefore, particularly soybean, sunflower and rapeseed seem to possess the relevant properties as a potential hydraulic fluid. There are several tribotechnical methods how to assess the current technical state of used lubricants (viscosity, water content, flash point, acidity). One of the modern methods how to detect wear particles is LaserNet Fines, which is a suitable technique for machine condition monitoring. The ageing of test oils is analysed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); for determining anti-wear properties of hydraulic oils, the standard STN EN ISO 20623:2004 indicates 1 hour under an applied load of 150 N. The objective of the paper is to show the description and examples of modern tribotechnical methods used for determination of the technical state of used biolubricants utilized in agriculture and transport machinery.
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机译：农业和运输设备非常适合使用液压油。在发动机油之后，液压油是第二重要的润滑剂组。这些材料中目前超过85％是基于矿物油的。鉴于其高的生态毒性和低的生物降解性，矿物油基润滑剂对环境构成相当大的威胁。相反，大多数基于植物油的液压油对环境的影响很小，并且可以完全生物降解。此外，基于植物油的润滑剂显示出优异的摩擦学性能，并且通常具有非常高的粘度指数和闪点。因此，因此，特别是大豆，向日葵和油菜籽似乎具有作为潜在液压油的相关特性。有几种摩擦技术方法可以评估使用过的润滑剂的当前技术状态（粘度，水含量，闪点，酸度）。 LaserNet Fines是检测磨损颗粒的现代方法之一，这是一种适用于机器状态监测的技术。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）分析测试油的老化；为了确定液压油的抗磨特性，标准STN EN ISO 20623：2004指示在150 N的施加载荷下1小时。本文的目的是说明用于确定液压油磨损的现代摩擦技术方法的描述和示例。农业和运输机械中使用过的生物润滑剂的技术状况。
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